Local Ketamine Instillation for Postoperative Analgesia

About This Study

This study aims at exploring the analgesic efficacy, and safety of Ketamine instillation into the wound of total thyroidectomy compared to placebo,and to systemic ketamine administration (I.M. injection of the same dose) with respect to postoperative VAS, first request of analgesia, total opioid consumption, and with respect to possible side effects.

Conditions Studied

Interventions

• •intra-wound instillation of ketamine
• •intra-wound instillation of normal saline
• •systemic administration of ketamine

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* patients with thyroid cancer scheduled for total thyroidectomy.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. BMI\>35
2. Unstable ischaemic cardiac disease
3. Increased intracranial pressure
4. Increased intraocular pressure
5. Hypersensitivity or allergy to ketamine, local anesthetic, morphine, or other drugs used in the study.
6. Severe psychiatric disease
7. Unwillingness or inability to use PCA-device
8. Inability to use VAS scale