Psychedelic Substances

FDA-approved for treatment-resistant depression via the nasal spray Spravato (esketamine). Ketamine clinics are available nationwide offering both IV infusions and the FDA-approved formulation.

The active compound in "magic mushrooms," psilocybin is being studied for depression, anxiety, and end-of-life distress. It received FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for treatment-resistant depression.

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is being researched for anxiety disorders and generalized anxiety. Definium Therapeutics (formerly MindMed) is leading Phase 2 trials with their MM-120 formulation.

MDMA-assisted therapy is pursuing FDA approval for PTSD treatment. After a Phase 3 FDA rejection in August 2024, sponsors are preparing a resubmission with additional safety data.

Ibogaine is being researched for addiction treatment, particularly opioid use disorder. Texas has allocated $50M for ibogaine research at state universities, signaling growing mainstream interest.

DMT (dimethyltryptamine) is a powerful psychedelic being studied for depression and end-of-life anxiety. Its short duration of action (15-30 minutes) makes it potentially more practical for clinical settings.

5-MeO-DMT is distinct from DMT and is being researched for treatment-resistant depression. Found naturally in the Sonoran Desert toad, synthetic versions are now used in clinical trials.

Ayahuasca is a traditional Amazonian brew containing DMT and MAOIs. It has religious protection under US law for certain churches (UDV, Santo Daime) and is being studied for depression and addiction.

Mescaline is found in peyote and San Pedro cacti. It has religious protection for Native American Church members and is being studied in limited academic settings for mental health applications.